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Reovirus 1/L and influenza A infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts : a paradigm for...

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Reovirus 1/L and influenza A infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts : a paradigm for studies of the respiratory tract in the context of mucosal immunity

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Title	Reovirus 1/L and influenza A infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts : a paradigm for studies of the respiratory tract in the context of mucosal immunity
Author	Thompson, Amy Hodson
Date	1998
Affiliation/College	College of Graduate Studies
Department	Microbiology and Immunology
Extent	xiv, 193 leaves : illustrations; 29 cm
Source	QW 805 T468r 1998
Subject.MeSH	Academic Dissertations Academic Dissertations--South Carolina Orthoreovirus--immunology Influenza, Human B-Lymphocytes Lymphoid Tissue Orthomyxoviridae Reoviridae Infections Immunization Respiratory System Vaccines Mucous Membrane Antibody Formation
Collection	MUSC Theses and Dissertations
Contributing Institution	Waring Historical Library (MUSC)
Rights	Copyright is held by the author.
Language	English
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Media Type	Manuscripts
Resource Identifier	mtd1998_thompson_ah
Abstract	Models exist to study immune mechanisms of the respiratory tract, however they have not allowed analysis of the interaction of the lower respiratory tract with other components of the mucosal immune system. Reovirus IlL, an effective gut mucosa] immunogen is also a natural respiratory mucosal immunogen. Reovirus IlLang infection of the lower respiratory tract generated a severe viral bronchopneumonia characterized by an inflammatory cellular infiltrate in the lung interstitium and alveolar spaces. B lymphocytes capable of generating reovirus-specific antibody responses, cytotoxic effector cells capable of lysing reovirus-infected cells, and T lymphocyte populations which predominantly produced IL-2 and IFN -y were generated following i.n. infection. The cytokine production patterns observed in vivo after reovirus infection did not correlate with classical T cell cytokine expression patterns, instead, the presence of multiple types of lymphocyte populations capable of producing one of several possible cytokine combinations, with the potential of performing separate functions in the response to and resolution of infection was demonstrated. The GCT antigen, a germinal center B-cell and CDS T-cell marker, was present on 21-60% of the inflammatory lymphocytes in the lung following i.n. infection with reovirus. A novel population of GCT -expressing CD4+ lymphocytes unique to reovirusstimulated lung alveolar and interstitial lymphocyte populations was identified. Studies of the organized lymphoid tissue of the upper respiratory tract, nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), demonstrated that murine NALT is capable of generating specific antibody-forming cells (AFCs) in response to upper respiratory tract infection with either reovirus IlL or influenza type A. IgM APC responses were induced in NALT cell cultures from uninfected mice following in vitro culture with influenza virus, therefore a part of the AFCs in infected mice may have originated from specific B cell precursors in the NALT. NALT lymphocytes from influenza A (PRS) infected mice produced IFN-y but not IL-4 when cultured for 24 hours. Infection of both the upper and lower respiratory tract with reovirus generated a specific APe response of a much higher magnitude both locally and in other mucosal sites than infection of the upper respiratory tract alone. This suggests that stimulation of the NALT alone does not induce optimal respiratory protection, and that immunization of the lower respiratory tract in addition to the upper respiratory tract could increase the efficacy of vaccines designed to induce local immunity.

Reovirus 1/L and influenza A infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts : a paradigm for studies of the respiratory tract in the context of mucosal immunity

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